Lesson 12: Using Character Entity References

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Basically, we can create a webpage using HTML elements. However, certain characters cannot be typed directly into an HTML document they are reserved for use as HTML elements. The most obvious examples are the > and < signs, they are reserved for the start tags and end tags of the HTML elements. To overcome the issue, HTML provides character entity reference in the form of &code;. For example, to show the > sign on the webpage, we use < and for the & sign, we use &

The following table shows a list of characters and the respective HTML encoding.

Character	HTML code
>	>
<	<
≤	≤
≥	≥
&	&
spacing
½	½
¼	¼
©	©
®	®
»	»
Ç	Ç
À	À
™	™
È	È
â	â
ß	ß
Ģ	Ģ
÷	÷
☰	☰
≡	≡

Example

< pre>If volume &gt; 100,000 and Price &lt; $50,000 then buy more.
 However, if volume &le;50,000, then stop trading.
 The earnings at volume=100000 is &frac14; of the total sales.
 HTML Tutorial &#174;is a registered trademark.
 The above article is &#169; Dr.Liew &amp; Associates
</pre>

The output is shown below:

If volume > 100,000 and Price < $50,000 then buy more.

However, if volume ≤50,000, then stop trading.

 The earnings at volume=100000 is ¼ of the total sales. 

 HTML Tutorial® is a registered trademark.

The above article is © Dr.Liew & Associates

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